Biological and Medical Applications of Materials and Interfaces
- Etienne Lepoivre
Etienne Lepoivre
Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), UMR CNRS 5031, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac 33600, France
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- Sylvain Augé
Sylvain Augé
Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), UMR CNRS 5031, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac 33600, France
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- Frédéric Nunzi
Frédéric Nunzi
SGS IDEA Lab - Site Montesquieu, 5 rue Jacques Monod, Martillac 33652, France
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- Philippe Cluzeau*
Philippe Cluzeau
Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), UMR CNRS 5031, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac 33600, France
*Email: [emailprotected]
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- Jean-Paul Chapel*
Jean-Paul Chapel
Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), UMR CNRS 5031, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac 33600, France
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2025, XXXX, XXX, XXX-XXX
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https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.5c02458
Published April 11, 2025
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In this study, we first examined the morphology of a sunscreen product deposited on PMMA plates with an increasing developed interfacial area ratio (Sdr) to better understand the origin and impact of film heterogeneities on in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) measurements. This was achieved using a simple yet innovative UV photography setup combined with wetting measurements. By revisiting the fundamentals of absorption spectroscopy, we generalized and extended Beer–Lambert’s law to nonuniform samples, modeling thickness distributions with a Gamma law. This enabled us to develop an analytical relationship between absorbance, thickness, and homogeneity of spread sunscreen films using the concept of linear attenuation coefficients. This model, which differentiates between spreading quality and absorption potential, was experimentally validated on three different sunscreens coated on smooth PMMA plates. It also helps explain the low correlation often observed between in vivo and in vitro tests, especially for high SPF values. We believe this approach will pave the way for more reproducible and consistent in vitro SPF measurements, leading to the development of more effective sunscreen products.
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© 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
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- Absorption
- Organic compounds
- Physical and chemical processes
- Surface roughness
- Thickness
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2025, XXXX, XXX, XXX-XXX
Click to copy citationCitation copied!
Published April 11, 2025
Publication History
Received
Accepted
Revised
Published
online
© 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
Request reuse permissions
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